zoonosis an infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? direct transmission see transmission, direct. retrospective study see study, retrospective. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? Accessed 4 Mar. Determine mathematic problems. measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. Based on this situation, temporary measures such as immigration inspections have been implemented since December 30, 2022 to avoid a sharp increase in the inflow of COVID-19 into Japan, and flexible responses will be taken while monitoring the infection situation in China. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole . transmission, biologic indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent undergoes biologic changes inside the vector as part of its life cycle before it is transmitted to the host (see also transmission, mechanical). logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. The number of stillbirths (in which the gestation period was 28 weeks or more) in the first 7 days of life divided by the number of live births plus stillbirths in the same year. Most didn't develop a fever. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each community and then follows the communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. outbreak, common-source an outbreak that results from persons being exposed to the same harmful influence (e.g., an infectious agent or toxin). The distinction between the two is clear (now). Quel est le taux pour changer des en ? epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. In other words, Goals: To have real experience in implementing Care of Newborn . transmission, vectorborne transmission of an agent by a living intermediary (e.g., tick, mosquito, or flea); considered a type of indirect transmission. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. I don't mean amount of alcohol consumed, but alcohol addiction/dependency. The number of deaths in a specified population, usually expressed per 100,000 population over a given period, usually 1 year. false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. rates of hiv aids. On this page you will find all the synonyms for the word to infection rate. For a rate, the denominator is usually the midinterval population. exposed group a group whose members have had contact with a suspected cause of, or possess a characteristic that is a suspected determinant of, a particular health problem. The research was done in environmental disaster areas (Aral District, Kazaly District) and . Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. decision tree a branching chart that represents the logical sequence or pathway of a clinical or public health decision. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. . Usually, one variable represents a health outcome, and one represents an exposure or personal characteristic. The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. high-risk group a group of persons whose risk for a particular disease, injury, or other health condition is greater than that of the rest of their community or population. Retinal Degeneration. bar chart a visual display in which each category of a variable is represented by a bar or column bar charts are used to illustrate variations in size among categories. transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). Objective Rheumatology patients are at high risk for complications from pneumococcal infections. prevalence rates. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). These infections are usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 hours after admission t Hospital Acquired Infections Book This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . NOTE: Effective February 1, 2023, the Coronavirus Tracker has switched from LIVE to Daily Updates. The number of live births per 1000 in the population in a given year. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). The rate of occurrence of positive test results in those who do not have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. {\displaystyle \lambda } trend movement or change in frequency over time, usually upwards or downwards. hyperendemic the constant presence at high incidence and prevalence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population. active surveillance see surveillance, active. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. representative sample see sample, representative. The rate at which an individual, tissue, or organ grows over time. 1 cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. immunity, passive immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host This type of immunity can be acquired naturally by an infant from its mother or artificially by administration of an antibody-containing preparation (e.g., antiserum or immune globulin). In calculating neonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births reported during the same period. cause, sufficient a factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of a particular health problem. cause, necessary a factor that must be present for a disease or other health problem to occur. infection contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus See also: inflection, injection, infectious, infect Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus payday loan n. trial, community an experimental study that uses data from communities. is directly proportional to epidemiology, analytic the aspect of epidemiology concerned with why and how a health problem occurs. In this test the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood is measured. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. 2. . infection rate. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. Used by wage earners who run short of cash before payday. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). The null hypothesis is used in conjunction with statistical testing. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to other countries in the world. See respiratory tract infection . THE PROBLEM WITH TRUMPS HERD MENTALITY LINE ISNT THE VERBAL FLUB. Easily, or capable of being, transmitted to others contagious communicable catching transmittable transmissible spreading infective pestilent transferable pestilential pandemic epidemic epizootic virulent spreadable catchable contaminating conveyable mephitic vitiating catchy pestiferous taking endemic communicative pernicious uncontrollable trial, randomized clinical a clinical trial in which persons are randomly assigned to exposure or treatment groups. surveillance, passive public health surveillance in which data are sent to the health agency without prompting. The code for attribution links is required. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. bar chart, 100% component a stacked bar chart in which all bars or columns are the same length, and the measured axis represents 0%100%. Securing a medical care provision system. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. table an arrangement of data in rows and columns. Good synonyms? droplet spread the direct transmission of an infectious agent by means of the aerosols produced in sneezing, coughing, or talking that travel only a short distance before falling to the ground. As a number of major countries have now transitioned to weekly updates, there is no need anymore for immediate updates throughout the day as soon as a new report is released. Copy the code below and paste it where you want the visualization of this word to be shown on your page: Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. frequency distribution a complete summary of the frequencies of the values or categories of a variable, often displayed in a two-column table with the individual values or categories in the left column and the number of observations in each category in the right column. mean (or average) commonly called the average; it is the most common measure of central tendency. standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters All rights reserved. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. incidence rates. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way (see also outbreak). Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. risk ratio a measure of association that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence proportions of two groups. A the relative values of the currencies of two or more countries. See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. asymmetrical a type of distribution where the shape to the right and left of the central location is not the same. rate [ rt] the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. It is a major global health problem. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. bar chart, deviation a bar chart displaying either positive or negative differences from a baseline. No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Synonym: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Recurrent. 10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. It's flattering to know other clubs seem to rate me. symptom any indication of disease noticed or felt by a patient. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. immunity, herd the resistance to an infectious agent of an entire group or community (and, in particular, protection of susceptible persons) as a result of a substantial proportion of the population being immune to the agent. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. indirect transmission see transmission, indirect. Q. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage. rates of infection. rated the film PG13; rated the bonds at junk level. Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective. fomite an inanimate object that can be the vehicle for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g., bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. prospective study see study, prospective. A The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. census the enumeration of an entire population, usually including details on residence, age, sex, occupation, racial/ethnic group, marital status, birth history, and relationship to the head of household. contingency table a two-variable table of cross-tabulated data. epidemiology, descriptive the aspect of epidemiology concerned with organizing and summarizing data regarding the persons affected (e.g., the characteristics of those who became ill), time (e.g., when they become ill), and place (e.g., where they might have been exposed to the cause of illness). Similar words for Infection rate. neonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, neonatal. Standard error is computed as the standard deviation of the variable divided by the square root of the sample size. (-0001). median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. The process of infecting or the state of being infected A measure of the contagiousness of a disease or illness Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people more Noun An infectious disease disease illness virus contagion disorder indisposition infirmity affliction ailment bug complaint condition lurgy problem sickness surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. seasonality change in physiologic status or in the occurrence of a disease, chronic condition, or type of injury that conforms to a regular seasonal pattern. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. Such a calculation is difficult because not all new infections are reported, and it is often difficult to know how many susceptibles were exposed. race/ethnic-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific. trend, secular changes occurring over a substantial period, generally years or decades. Synonym: The number of deaths in 1 year of infants aged 0 to 28 days divided by the number of live births in that same year. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . period prevalence see prevalence, period. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. prevalence, point the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at a single point in time. (2) A system for early detection of outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators, particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods. ing. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. For COVID-19, symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection. epidemiology, field applied epidemiology (i.e., the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems), particularly when the epidemiologist(s) must travel to and work in the community in which the health problem is occurring or has occurred. to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's class performance. exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. 1 vote. proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. healthy worker effect the observation that employed persons generally have lower mortality rates than the general population, because persons with severe, disabling disease (who have higher mortality rates) tend to be excluded from the workforce. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . dot plot a visual display of the specific data points of a variable. sample a selected subset of a population a sample can be random or nonrandom and representative or nonrepresentative. applied epidemiology see epidemiology, applied. Many of the mechanisms of resistance have been caused by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics to treat illnesses such as the cold or flu or the over-prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Cat Infections That Can Spread to Humans Ringworm Salmonella: Typhoid Kitty? Go Above And Beyond With This Prepositions Quiz! There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV). APA: Classic Thesaurus. Search. infection rates. Antiviral therapy and cesarean delivery (CD) improve clinical outcomes. We take your privacy seriously. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. ITS THE MASS DEATH. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. Infant mortality rate is a universally accepted indicator of the health of a nations population and the adequacy of its health-care system. false-positive a positive test result for a person who actually does not have the condition. variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. This fuse is rated at 50 amperes. Objectives In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. host a person or other living organism that is susceptible to or harbors an infectious agent under natural conditions. Most HPV infections don't lead to cancer. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. A survival curve can also be used to depict freedom from a health problem, complication, or another endpoint. descriptive epidemiology see epidemiology, descriptive. For example, the 5th percentile is a cut point with 5% of the observations below it and the remaining 95% above it. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. surveillance, active public health surveillance in which the health agency solicits reports. The midrange is usually calculated as an intermediate step in determining other measures.
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